Causes Of Secondary Hypertension
Cardiovascular
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Mid-aortic syndrome
- Aortic Tumours
Endocrine
- Primary Aldosteronism*
- Phaeochromocytoma
- Cushing’s Syndrome, Acromegaly
- Hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism
- Tumours: Ectopic ACTH, 11-Desoxycorticosterone-secreting
Monogenic
- Liddle’s Syndrome
- Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME)
- Steroid deficiencies: 11β-hydroxylase, 17α-hydroxylase
- Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type I (GRA) and II
- Hypertension exacerbated by pregnancy (activating MR mutations)
Renal
- Acute / Chronic Kidney Disease (AKD / CKD)
- Renovascular hypertension (FMD, RAS)
- Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Diabetic Nephropathy
- Gordon’s Syndrome
- Renin-secreting tumours
Drugs(consider also withdrawal of anti-hypertensive drugs)
- Over the counter (sympathomimetics), COX-2 Inhibitors, NSAIDs
- Recreational (amphetamines, cocaine)
- Liquorice, corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, OCP
- Ciclosporin, Tacrolimus, Leflunomide
- Ergot alkaloids, MAOIs, TCAs
- Anaesthetics – ketamine
- Herbal remedies
- Alcohol
Neurologic hypertension
- Stroke – haemorrhagic, ischaemic
- CNS tumours
- Severe head injury
- Neurogenic hypertension
- Stress – post-op pain
- Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Hypertension in pregnancy
- Pregnancy-induced hypertension
- Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia
Pseudohypertension
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
* Primary Aldosteronism includes: APA, BAH, FHI (GRA) and FHII, Adrenal Carcinoma